Incandescent gas-burner.



No. 655,042. l Patented July 3I,`I900.

L. T. AL`ToN.

lNGANDESCENT GAS BURNER.

(Applcatiqn led Aug. 5, 1897.)

(No Modal.)

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TATES NIE.

LEF. T. ALTON, OF NEW YORK, N; Y.

INCANDSCENT GAS-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 655,042, dated July 3l, 190Q.

' Application nea lingua 5,4139?. sain no. 647,145. (No man.:

To @ZZ whom it 11mg/ concern:

Be it known that I, LEE T. ALTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, (Brooklym) in the county of Kings and State of New York, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to improvements in incandescent gas -burners of the kind which are generally known in the art as the Welsbach class, in which it is the object to raise the .refractory mantle or hood employed in thatclass of burners to a degreeY of high incandescence. My improvements in this regard have for their object generally toperfect and simplify this general class of burners, andspecifically to'improve upon the burner shown anddescribed in a patent to' O. Kern, dated January 5, 1897, No. 574,805. In that patent a sofcalled self-burning? mixture of air and gas is produced andimpelled toward the combustion-point of the' burner by the employment of a complex tube embodying what is termed in that patent a mixing-conci and a suction-cone, these parts being produced by connecting two hollow cone frusta, so that said tube between its extremities is contracted, the contraction retarding the passage of the so-called` selfburning mixture through the tube, accomplishing, as is alleged in said patent, an intimate commingling of the air andf gas, the gradual expansion of the tube above the contracted portionlacting simultaneouslyto relieve the resistance of the mixture inthe part of the tube `below the contraction and produce an induced current to increase the speed of passage of the volume of mixture' tothe combustion-point, thereby increasing the intensity of the light.

My present improvements have for their object to ,dispense with a compound or complex tube ofthe character described and eliminate from a feeding-tube thecontraction recited in said patent and supply the mixture of air and `gas,whether self-burning or not, to the combustion-point of the burner through a tube formed in the shape of an inverted cone smaller'in diameter at .the point of ingress of the mixture and of a gradually-increasing diameter to the point of exit of the mixture therefrom.

In the construction shown in the patent beand the release of the pressure is had gradually through the entire length of the tube until such volume reaches the exit thereof, the shoulder causing an initial rotation of the gas and air prior to `its entrance into the tube, thus instituting at the point of entrance to the tube a partial Vor complete intermixture of air and gas. In this way the passage of the mixture is not retarded, but is continuous, and the gradual release of pressure as the column of mixture moves toward the exit of the tube not only thoroughly and intimately commingles the mixture of air and gas, but increases the speed of the passage of the same, thereby immensely increasing the combustion of the same. c

Myinvention also contemplates the employment of a tube formed of two-cone frusta, one superposed above'the other, the frustum of Vthesuperposed cone connecting the base Y of the lower cone, thefrustum of the lower conebeing the pointlof smallest diameter and the base of the superposed cone of great- .est diameter, the tube being of a continuously-increasing diameter throughout.

My invention further comprehends the construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, and further pointed out in the claims.

In the drawingsvforming part of this specification, Figure l is a side elevation of my-preferred construction of tube and burner. c Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a -s'ide elevation of a modified form of tube; Fig.

4, a perspective View of the perforated burnertip shown' in Fig. 1, and Figs. 5 and 6 respectivelyshow like views ofburner-tips modified in accordance with my present improvements.

IOO

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.'L i A Referring now particularly to Fig. 1, there and mixerfhereinafter referred to.

' into a dome-like receiver 4, secured to the 2 i o e5 5,042

is shown a burner of the Bunsen type, but.

modified in accordance with my invention in one particular respect. There is the ordinary gas-inlet 1, with its nozzle 2, provided with a surmounting wall 3, having perforations therein, the nozzle projecting upwardly inlet, the upper end of the dome being provided with an annular nipple 5, and adjacent r/the openings in the nozzle the dome is .pro-

vided with air-ports 6, rising above the perforations in the nozzle. The dome, it will be noticed, convergesV toward the annular nipple 5 and is curved at the top. The dome, nozzle,l and air-ports form the initial receiver i This form of domekmay be altered or xnodiiied, as conditions demand, without departing' `from `thefspiritfor" my invention.

, At 7 'is the feed-pipe, consisting of a con# ical hollow tube, formed of a cone frustum continuously tubular throughout audot gradually-'increasing Vdiameter from, the inlet,

the tube-top snugly, can be adjusted up and which is at they nipple 5, into which the small-v est end of the tube is placed and there seemed in any desired; manner, the lower edge.

a of the tube forming ar shoulder tothe exitv at 8,where the tube is of the greatest diam#A eter. 'This tube supports a burner-tip com: pliSiUg en annuler ring 9., tting over the end 8 of the tube, the opening in the top of the'eep beipginteleepted by a perforated disk,uwhich may be either in the form ofi, a

piece o t'wire-netting 1Q,n secured in the open-` 7 ing of the capLor otherwise formed in any desirable Way, the cap forming the burnerf tip for the burner. This tip, although it ts down to present theincelldescent zonetothe mantle or hoodl at the desired point. y A refractory hood or mantle 1l ofany wellknown type, is supported over thebullieI-.tip

v umn off mixed air and gas.

infany desired manner, which may be. as,

illustrated in the drawings, iu which thel cap 9 is provided with anf outwardly-extending stud 1.2 and eeteerew Y13, supporting en. upf Wardly-extending hooked rod 14, which in its turn eppol'te the. fefreetory hood or mantle 11, the. end or lower opening of the mantle embracing theburner-tip, so that the perfof` rated portion thereof lies well within the hoed, The foregoing description4 of partsacces-` s orygto my improved feed-tubes is had for the purpose of enabling the employment of? the tubes to be the better understood.

The lfunction of the tube is to act as draft? accelerator and also4 as a mixer fort-he col,- This commin sling 11S ee'eompliehed by 'eapeing 'the eas. to passthrough theperforations in the topof the nozzle l, passing upwardly into theA dome 4, carrying with it sufficient quantity of the air ofthe adjacent atmosphere which strikes` the shoulder a ,and enters theingressportion of., 4the tube through the air-ports 6in lthe dome 4 above the egress of the gas fromthe nozzle, the qualityof the mixture as regards Vments of the column of mixture, but in a measureintimately commingles the gas and `air together until it reaches the burner-tip.

I prefer that the tube should be about three inches 1in length, about one-fourth of an inch in diameteninside at the.bottom, and1about seven-,eighths of aninchfat the topfbut do. not 11min myself to this length. of @cursen must be understood that thesedinrensionsfcanA vbe varied more or less without materially aect-- ing the resulte., Whentuhes of these-"general or approximate dimensions are employed, I i

havel fopnd. theta peeuliar aetoli results from inserting-the. end of thetubeinsidethe nipple, as in Fig. 2.r

yThe gas and air-.in passing into .thetubeis caused to strikeV the.y annular4 edge a, which dellects it and causes it to rotate and Afollow' the line ofthe tube and produce a strong fine action, the vcolumn gradually; expanding and .increasing inspeed as itapplOhes the exit. .This deilection .of the column allows of; the employment of short rtubesand pre,- vents the column of gasand airpassing up through the tube in, a. Straight `line without contacting. with the walls,tw se. thatwhen .thev

tubeis under, say, ve, or. six inchesin length Ipreferqtherelationship of parts as, described.

t `Instead of omployugtheformof tubellustretfed. in Fia, 1 arid-in orderto morewintmately commingle, the elements of `themiX-Y ture Icanernploy the :form,.oftub,eillu s-r tratedjin Fig. `3, it being understood rthat` the form illustratedin Figs.,1. and 2, is the pri-v mary form.

In Fig.l 2, is illustrated further.V `ferm of tube comprising twofconetrusta2l 2.2. .The

distinguishing feature. of `this pipe, Fig;` l3, is thaty itis formed to presentwtwocone frusta 2ly 22, the 4baise of the. smallest diameterofl thefrustum 2,1A being joined withftllebase 0f largest-duurder of the fruStu1112Lleta-point es. before described, thiepopt of eonpeotion being had etw/2.3v and preferably nearer tothe f smallest end 16.01` the tube thanto the largest end`8. This tube, presents tothe columnof air and-gas, two. inclined `envfaeee,.theffirst .more rapid than the second. Initslrlove-` ment from they point lto. the point 8 the tirst 1 emfeee converges sharply outwardly and/the second from the point 2,3"gradual1y outward, lootll sections. being; of gradually-increased fdiarnete'r. v The function of .thisform oftubeisy to produce initially a very rapid action intermediate ofthe extremes 81,16 otthetube, Y

and to then check this rap-id motion, causing an intimate commingling of the gas and air without decreasing the speed of deliveryto the burner. As before stated, the air-ports allow of ingress of air from the surrounding atmosphere into the dome above the point where the gas passes from the nozzle into the dome, the air being drawn in as by aninduced current caused bythe passage of the gas, the mixing of the gas and air commencing at their point of union in the dome'and being continued upwardly in the various manners previously described. This relationship between the dome, air-ports, and nozzle I consider of great importance.

The flame produced by my construction is in the shape of a hyperincandescent zone having a reddish-blue tint and rises about three to six inches above the burner-tip, according to the'length ot' tube, as above set forth, the zone being of greater amplitude than that found in any other incandescent gas-burner to my knowledge prior to my invention.

The cap 9 fits the upper portion of the tube with sufficient friction to remain in position under the stress of its own weight and its appurtenances, while at the same time the cap can be moved up and down on the top, so as to locate the light-zone at any point desirable at the top of the tube or to bring it into actual or superficial contact with any desired portion of the refractory hood or mantle,which latter adjustment can be accomplished within certain limits by moving the supportingrod up and down in the securing-stud 12.

The burner -tip may be as indicated in Figs. l, 2, and 4, wherein the area of perforations is about equal to the largest interior diameter of the tube; but in order to produce a zone of greater diameter, and consequently increase the volume of incandescent surfaces,

`I can form the burner-tip as illustrated in Fig. 5, wherein the upper portion of the cap is iiared outwardly, as shown, and the perforated diaphragm 10 secured in the top thereof. In this form the zone will exceed that of the largest diameter of the tube. If it is desired to employ the reverse form, that shown in Fig. 6 may be used, wherein the upper portion of the cap is spun in or otherwise conformed to reduce its diameter, as shown, and the perforated diaphragm secured in the top, thus providing a light zone controller of smaller diameter than the largest diameter of the tube, decreasing the area of the incandescent-lightzone,butincreasingtheintensity of the light.

Thus it will be seen that my invention comprises four distinct features: rst, the improvement in the means employed for admitting air into the feed-tube, which embraces the feature of creating through the medium of the gas an induced current drawing in the air from the surrounding atmosphere into an initial mixing-chamber, the air entering into straight sides diverging from the point of smallest diameter or, as in Fig. 3, where the two cone frusta are employed, the essential feature being that a tube of gradual and con- Y stantly increasing diameter is preserved throughout; thirdly, a burner-tip comprising,

preferably, in part, a perforated diaphragm intercepting the iiow of gas 'and air, and, fourthly, the intercepting shoulder a. I therefore do not limit myself to the exact constructions hereinbefore described, as it is apparent that my invention can be otherwise embodied without` departing from the spirit of the same; neither do I limit myself to producing the tubes and other parts of metal, as it or they may be made of porcelain or like material.

Having described my invention, I claimn l. An improved burner for the purposes herein described, comprising a gas -inlet adapted to be detachably secured to a suitable iixture and having an upwardly-extendingnozzle terminating in a crown having a multiplicity of apertures, and an initial gas and `air mixing chamber secured to the exterior of the gas-inlet the upperportion of which is laterally contracted immediately above said apertured crown, an annular iiange of less diameter than and surmounting said chamber, said flange being formed integral with said chamber, a conical tube, a burnertip surmounting said conical tube, the lower and smaller end of said conical tube projecting into said annular flange and being located closely adjacent and immediately above said apertured crown, thereby forming an intercepting-shoulder between which and said apertured crown the air and gas can uninterruptedly pass, substantially as and for the purposes herein described.

2. The combination in an incandescent gasburner,of an inverted substantial conical tube of gradually-increasing diameter, a burnertip consisting of a sieve-like diaphragm located over the top of said conical tube from which depends a ring, as 9, surrounding the said tube, a mantle surrounding and surmounting said burner-tip and ring, the stud 12 secured to the ring 9, a rod 11i secured to the stud and supporting the mantle, an initial mixing device comprising a dome-shaped and apertured chamber laterally contracted at ,its apex, an inlet-nozzle having a multiplicity of apertures located beneath the apex of the dome and admitting gas to said chamber, air-ports opening into said chamber, a short annular flange extending upwardly from the contracted section of said Vchamber and IOO vIo

riorly-d'ivergingV outwardly ai; anI ainlggle (zeiti-k Gid'ent with the outer srface of Said c'nicall; tu'be,tl1e lower end of Said conieaill'tnbe f1tting snugly inv and extending a short distance within said short tube or nippleiinmediately therebyformirg ai shoulder inter'oeptinigfthe admissionof g'a andV air into said conieail" tbebe'tw'een which andfsaid aperturesthere l is no intereeptingmedium, substantially ae described.

3. An improved burner for AproVdueingin-A candeseen gasdight, comprising ar'ru'pwardlya diverging hollow Gone snrmoiinted by another upwardlydive'rging hollow cone, botbeones formingatube'ofgradnelly-increasingdaniee ter, thelower cone bavingrwalls of agreater angle than the upper Gone, the -lower'fendof the lowercone 'being of lesser diameter than the opper portion, the -to'pv of the lippe-r tiene bein g' of l grete diameter than-anyother "porfsrinoiinted 'byanothe'r ufpwajrdlyfdiverging, ihollow eene, vthe two` cones forming a; tube of' 

